International Journal of Agricultural Sciences

S. V. Patil ¹, S. I. Halikatti ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Sirsi, Uttara Kannada, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture (UAS), Dharwad, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years to study the impact of weather on performance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) with organic manures and various levels of rock phosphate with PSB grown in vertisol of northern dry zone of Karnataka, at Agricultural Research Station, Annigeri, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka during Rabi season of 2009-10 and 2010-11.The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. There were nine treatment combinations consisting of two organic manures viz., compost and FYM with four levels of rock phosphate (50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha^-1) and an absolute control treatment for comparison. In both the years 2009-10 and 2010- 11 the yield attributing parameters like number of pods per plant(67.76), number of seeds per pod(1.12), test weight(20.71gram), grain yield (2130 kg/ha) and halum yield (3300 kg/ha) were recorded with the treatment combination of compost 5 t along with rock phosphate 200 kg / ha compared to other treatment combination and absolute control.

Keywords

Chickpea, Organic Manures, Compost, Fym, Rock Phosphate

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G. R. Rajakumar ¹, S. V. Patil ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Natural Resource Management, College of Foresry (U.A.S.), Sirsi (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Agronomy, Regional Horticultural Research and Extension Centre, UHS Campus, G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

In recent years, nut drop in arecanut crop is becoming a common problem in Western Ghats soils of Uttar Kannada district. To find out the reasons for nut drop in arecanut, a research was conducted during 2010-11 and 2011-12 in the area involving survey of nut drop affected fields, collection of soil samples from the affected fields and their analysis. The soils were analysed for pH, EC, organic carbon, available NPK, DTPA-Zn and available boron. The soils of the area match with the laterite characters. The initial data (before onset of monsoon) indicated that the soils were acidic in lower depths while neutral in surface soils, low in EC, low in available P, DTPA-Zn and available boron. The available K was low to medium. However, the soils were found medium to high in organic carbon and available N. The soil samples were also collected after receipt of rainfall and analyzed. The results indicated that the soil pH was slightly lowered but EC and available K were lowered more as compared to intial values. Similarly the organic carbon and available N were increased but DTPA-Zn and available B were remained low and not affected much as compared to initial status. Depth-wise soil analysis indicated that surface soil were having more acidic pH, low salts, higher organic C, higher available NPK than sub-soils. Further, these were lowered after receipt of rain, particularly EC and potash. The available Zn and B remained deficient. The available K, DTPA-Zn and available B were found to be deficient in these soils and need to be corrected immediately after heavy rains. The nutrients and other soil properties status if not improved may become constraints for nut drop in arecanut. To improve the soil pH, it is necessary to apply lime / dolomite, to improve EC level and available potash status of soil there is a need to apply extra dose of potash to soil than the recommended dose. To increase available P in acidic soils, there is a need to apply rock phosphate. Since the available N is medium to high, the recommended N may be continued. The recommended dose of Zn and B have to be applied before onset of monsoon and if nut drop prevails these have to be applied immediately after receipt of rains.

Keywords

Nutrient Constraints, Arecanut, Heavy Rainfall, Acid Soils, Laterite.

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T. Ganapathi ¹, S. V. Patil ², G. R. Rajakumar ³

Affiliations
1 Agricultural Research Station, Hanumanamatti, Haveri (Karnataka), IN
2 Regional Horticultural Research and Extension Centre (U.H.S.), G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
3 Department of Natural Resource Management, College of Forestry, Sirsi, Uttara Kannada (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Appearance of red or yellow colour in any of the black pepper berries of a spike indicates optimum maturity. During the production of black pepper, harvesting is done at this stage. Open sun drying method is prevailing in Uttara district of Karnataka and in any other parts of the country too. Traditionally, black pepper is sun dried on a floor coated with cow dung slurry resulting in poor quality produce with less per cent recovery, oleoresin, piperine and aroma and ultimately resulting low market price. In CFTRI technique, the pepper berries/spikes are dipped in boiling water for one minute and then sun dried to get a quality produce. However, it is cumbersome and requires skill. An experiment was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sirsi and in farmer’s fields of Siddapur Taluk, Uttar Kannada. In T₁ and T₄ whole spikes and de berried berries were sun dried in open sun on cement floor, respectively. Whereas in T₂ and T₅ whole spikes and de-berried berries were processed by dipping in hot water for one minute and then sun dried. In T₃ and T₆ whole spikes and de-berried berries were processed in between polythene sheets (200 gauge) for 2-3 hours (till they become black) on first day and then sun dried for 3-4 days. The dry weight of the produce was recorded and per cent recovery was worked out. The samples were analysed for physical and chemical characteristics like bulk density, aroma, colour, per cent oil, oleoresin, piperine and moisture at IISR, Calicut. The treatments T₃ and T₆ recorded higher recovery of dry berries, good colour, higher aroma and higher market price. In large scale studies T₆ performed better in recovery as well as quality parameters such as oleoresin and piperine contents.

Keywords

Black Pepper, Salarization, Oleoresin, Recovery.

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S. B. Gurumurthy ¹, S. V. Patil ², T. H. Shankarappa ², A. Prashant ², Ratnakar M. Shet ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Horticulture, Sirsi (Karnataka), IN
2 Regional Horticultural Research and Extension Centre, U.H.S. Campus (G.K.V.K.) Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
3 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Horticulture, Sirsi (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on ischolar_maining and growth of black pepper and also to assess the symbiotic efficacy and the rhizosphere population of beneficial microflora in nursery stage at College of Horticulture, Sirsi for three years (2013-14 to 2015-16). The results of the investigation had clearly showed significant improvement in growth of black pepper when black pepper cuttings were inoculated withGlomus fasciculatum similar to that of cuttings treated with IBA (1000ppm) as compared to rest of the AM fungi and un-inoculated control. A matching trend was recorded with respect to per cent ischolar_main colonization and spore counts, population of beneficial rhizosphere microflora viz., free living nitrogen fixers and phosphate solubilizers. The inoculation of AM fungi also enhanced the shoot phosphorus concentration in black pepper.

Keywords

Am Fungi, Glomus fasciculatum, P Concentration, Rhizosphere Microflora.

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